Northwestern Polytechnical University (also known as NPU or NWPU; Chinese: ??????; pinyin: X?b?i G?ngyè Dàxué; Russian: ??????-???????? ??????????????? ???????????) is a National Key University, directed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, located in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. The university specializes in education and research in the fields of aeronautical, astronautical and marine engineering. And, NPU's engineering ranked the 10th among China's engineering universities. As of 2012, NPU has 13,736 graduate students (3,063 full-time doctorate candidates, 7,087 master candidates, 3,586 professional degree candidates) and 14,395 undergraduate students. The university is a member of Project 985 and Project 211.
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History
NPU builds upon the legacies of its three major predecessors.
Northwestern Engineering Institute
In 1938, due to the Japanese invasion of northwestern China, many institutes were relocated to Shanxi. Among them, the National Beiyang Engineering Institute, the Engineering School of Beiping University, the Engineering School of the National Northeastern University, and the (private) Jiaozuo Engineering Institute were combined to form the then National Northwestern Engineering Institute in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, which is a city surrounded by mountain ranges. In 1946, following the end of World War II, the National Northwestern Engineering Institute, one of the three predecessors of NPU, was relocated from the mountains to the city of Xianyang. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, all institutes became state-owned, and in 1950 the National Northwestern Engineering Institute was renamed the Northwestern Engineering Institute.
Eastern China Aeronautics Institute
In 1952, to meet the demand for concentrated aeronautics research, the departments of aeronautical engineering of the former National Central University (later known as Nanjing University), Jiaotong University and Zhejiang University were relocated to Nanjing and combined to form the Eastern China Aeronautics Institute. This institute was relocated to Xi'an and renamed the Xi'an Aeronautics Institute, which is the second predecessor of the NPU, in 1956.
In 1957, the Northwestern Engineering Institute and the Xi'an Aeronautics Institute were merged to form NPU, which concentrated its research efforts on defense technology for aeronautics, astronautics and marine engineering.
People's Liberation Army Military Engineering Institute
In 1970, due to deteriorating relations with the former USSR, the People's Liberation Army Military Engineering Institute, which was located in Harbin, was disassembled. Many of its departments were relocated from the city near the China-Soviet border; among these, its Department of Aeronautical Engineering (the third predecessor of NPU) was moved to Xi'an and merged with the other two predecessors to form NPU.
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Campuses
NPU's campuses comprise about 3.4 km2, with the Youyi Campus, located in Beilin District, Xi'an, comprising about 0.8 km2 and the Chang'an Campus, located in Chang'an District, Xi'an, comprising about 2.6 km2.
Youyi Campus
The Youyi Campus, often referred as the 'old campus', is divided into three parts: the South, the West and the North by the West Youyi Road and the South Laodong Road. The campus contains education facilities, apartments of teachers and students, stadiums, logistics facilities, a kindergarten and the primary and middle school affiliated with NPU.
Chang'an Campus
The Chang'an Campus, often referred as the 'new campus', is divided into two parts: the East and the West by the Dongxiang Road. This campus contains many newly built administration buildings, school buildings, experiments facilities, sports facilities and so on. It serves as the main base for undergraduate education of NPU.
Infrastructure development
NPU is building or going to build more facilities on both of these two campuses. Supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the former Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, NPU has received a 1.58 billion CNY (252.8 million USD) investment in infrastructure constructions from the central government and there're more than 20 construction projects running currently including the Material Science Building, the Innovation Science and Technology Building, the Reconstruction of Dangerous and Old Apartments after the earthquake, the #1 Student Apartment in the Youyi Campus and the New Library, Infrastructure Plan I & II, the High-tech Experimental Research Center and others in the Chang'an Campus.
Academics
NPU has a strong research capacity in engineering. It was confirmed as one of the National Key Universities by the State Council in 1960. In the 7th and 8th Five-year plan, NPU was listed as one of the 15 National Key Developing Universities. In the 9th Five-year plan, NPU joined the Project 211. And, in the 10th Five-year plan, NPU joined the Project 985.
Since its establishment, NPU has educated more than 150,000 high level technicians and researchers for China's defense industry and national economy development. The first PhD from 6 disciplines in China was graduated from NPU. And, among NPU's alumni, there are more than 30 fellows of the CAS and the CAE, 30 generals in PLA and 6 recipients of China's TOP 10 Outstanding Youth Elite.
Funding
The university's research funding has been continually rising every year. It reached 1.67 billion RMB in 2010 (0.26 billion USD), ranking 5th among all universities in China with funding per faculty member ranked 1st. And, in 2011, it reached 1.91 billion RMB.
Ranks
In 2012, NPU ranked 28th in the Chinese university ranking, the most famous ranking in China, compiled by Wu Shulian. And, NPU's engineering ranked the 10th among China's engineering universities.
According to the results of the 3rd Evaluation of Disciplines by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, the ranks of parts of NPU's disciplines are shown below.
Laboratories
NPU has 7 State Key Laboratories and 28 Province/Ministry-level Key Laboratories. Only the State Key Laboratories are listed below.
Organization
Education Experimental School
The Education Experimental School is the college with special honors in NPU. Its predecessor is the Education Reform Class established in 1985 which was upgraded to the current school in 2001. The aim of this school is to provide the most elite students of NPU with the best resources so that they can become future leaders in their fields.
Academic schools
NPU has 15 academic schools, 1 educational experimental school( known as Honors College), 1 independent school and some other administrative schools. The university offers 58 undergraduate programs, 117 master programs, 67 doctorate programs and 14 postdoctoral programs. Currently, there are 2 First-level National Key Disciplines, 7 Second-level National Key Disciplines, 2 National Key (to cultivate) Disciplines, 21 First-level Disciplines for Doctorate Degree Granting and 31 First-level Disciplines for master's degree Granting. Additionally, NPU has 7 State Key Laboratories, 28 Province/Ministry-level Key Laboratories and 19 Province/Ministry-level Engineering Research Centers. The 15 academic schools of NPU are listed here in the official order.
- School of Aeronautics
- School of Astronautics
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture
- School of Power and Energy
- School of Electronics and Information
- School of Automation
- School of Computer Science and Technology
- School of Science
- School of Management
- School of Humanities, Economics and Law
- School of Software and Microelectronics
- School of Life Science
- School of Foreign Languages
Other schools
Besides the 15 major academic schools and the education experimental school, NPU has other schools or institutes. They are:
- Engineering Practice Exercise Center
- Physical Education Department
- Continuing Education School
- Internet Education School
- International College
- National Secrecy School
- Mingde College (independent)
Student life
Innovation Study Base
The Innovation Study Base, directed by the Dean's Office of NPU, consists of multiple student competition programs including NPU's university team of Football Robotics, Dancing Robotics, Model United Nations, Mathematical Modeling, Model Airplanes and so on. In the 11th Five-year plan, NPU students won more than 1,400 awards at the international, state and provincial levels including 54 1st or 2nd place international level award and 147 1st or 2nd national level award.
Student Club Center
The Student Club Center, directed by the Communist Youth League of NPU, serves all university-level student clubs. The center helps to organize and supervise student activities on the campus and acts like a bridge between the administration and students' clubs.
Affiliated secondary school
Notable alumni
- Wu Yi - Former Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
- Hao Peng - Governor of Qinghai province
- Zhang Qingwei - Governor of Hebei province
- Yang Wei - president of Zhejiang University, aircraft designer in 611
- Yuan-Cheng Fung - graduate from department of Engineering of National Central University (Nanjing University, Present), which is one of the predecessors of Northwestern Polytechnical University
References
External links
- Official website (in Chinese)
- Official website (in English)
- Non-Official Communities of Northwestern Polytechnical University
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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